Friday, 22 February 2013

Which Missing Link?


This is IOPNA’s 4th article out of 6 in the ‘Missing Link’ series.

Here is Ota Benga, a Congolese pygmy who was fetched from Africa by Presbyterian minister Samuel Phillips Verner and displayed in an orang-utan’s cage in New York’s Bronx Zoo in 1906.                                                      
Sadly, by age 32 Ota felt he’d had enough and committed suicide. Can you blame him?                                                                       


But is the ‘missing link’ to be found in the jungles of Africa or in the pages of theologians’ Bibles?
                                                  
This ‘Gap Theory’ that was taught in theology lectures at Oxford University – let’s see what it’s about and where it came from.


Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847)
is hailed as Scotland’s greatest 19th century churchman, being the moderator of the Free Church of Scotland, a university mathematics lecturer and a champion of social causes including education. He popularised the Gap Theory by publishing it in the Bridgewater Treatises in 1814.

The Gap Theory claims that millions of years elapsed between the first two verses of Genesis 1, during which evil forces ruined God’s first attempts at creation, hence fossils, so a reconstruction had to take place.           

How old was young Charlie Darwin when Thomas Chalmers published the Gap Theory? 
A 5 year old in short pants.

Wherever did this idea come from? Well, how far back would you like to go?                         
How about Ancient Greek philosophy – or even earlier.                                                   

We know that scientists have been searching for that elusive 'missing link' in the ‘evolution of Man’, but theologians have had their own 'missing link' for centuries with the Gap Theory, still ‘alive and well’ in Bible seminaries throughout the western world.     
(Doesn’t the Bible warn us in several places not to add anything or delete anything?)             

So what have we found so far?                                                             
Eventually the Church publicly embraced the Gap Theory from ancient philosophy and promoted it to university students who used the ‘millions of years’ to develop the ‘theories of evolution’ from their hobbies of geology and biology.

For instance, the reference Bible published in 1917 by Oxford University Press and edited by Cyrus Ingersoll Scoffield D.D. (1843-1921) supplies this ‘missing link’ between Genesis 1, verses 1 & 2:
“Earth made waste and empty by judgment”                                              
cross referenced to Jeremiah 4:23-26 where another note is supplied: “Without form and void” (Gen1:2) describes the condition of the earth as the result of the judgment (Is 24:1) which overthrew the primal order of Genesis 1:1.                                                                   

What does all this mean?                                                                    
For the Gap Theory of ‘millions of years’ to be true, not only did God cover up the failure by not telling us the whole story, he must be a liar for claiming His creation was very good while Adam and Eve stood on top of millions of fossils of dead animals and furthermore Christianity’s teaching in Romans 5 about sin and death must be a lie: “…by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, and so death passed upon all men, for all have sinned.” In fact, you can’t rely on the Bible now – throw it away! – those preacher guys are lying.

So how many young people have given up their Christian heritage because of this?............ and we wonder why.                      

Acknowledgements: Dr. Carl Wieland, One Human Family, 2011, Creation Book Publishers, Atlanta                    
Photo credit: en.wikipedia 

Coming soon:                                                                      
So what has been the legacy of the ‘theories of evolution’?                                          
Who ran with these theories and could anybody count how many people have lost their lives because of it?            
            (The ‘Missing Link’ series to-date can be found on hotspuds.blogspot.com.au)                               

NEXT: About turn!

Friday, 15 February 2013

ULURU IN THE RED CENTRE


Uluru with a rare snow cap or is that iced choc mud-cake?
Europeans didn’t even know ‘Uluru’ existed in the Red Centre of Australia until Saturday 19th July 1873, when surveyor William Gosse came over the horizon.                     
Wow!!  One rock 348 metres high and 9.4 kilometres around (and possibly 6 kilometres deep) - even bigger than the rocks in Texas!                                   
If Gosse had waited 124 years he would have seen this snow cap too.

Geologists tell us that Uluru is an ‘inselberg’ or island mountain comprising ‘arkose’ – coarse-grained sandstone rich in feldspar - in nearly vertical strata. 
Nearby, Kata Tjuta (The Olgas) are almost as stunning but very different - conglomerates of pebbles, cobbles and boulders cemented by sand and mud.

                          
So how do you get coarse unsorted sandstone to stand up in the middle of a desert?                                                                      

Us johnny-come-lately’s who have known of Uluru for only 140 years, think we have it all worked out – ‘It formed 600-900 million years ago (that’s a huge range), with crumpling and buckling occurring about 550 million years ago and further sedimentation occurring until 300 million years ago.’ 
That’s the best we can come up with - lot’s of time and then erosion and lot’s of that too.  What about the caves in Uluru?...arrrh…not sure.                        
                             
Have we forgotten many helpless Europeans owe their lives to the intelligent survival skills of the original Anangu custodians of Uluru and Kata Tjuta?

These custodians for thousands of years, the Pitjanjatjara people living in tune with their land, say something quite different:

“Ancestral spirits formed these sites during the Creation period.”                  

“There was nothing on the Earth until their ancestors – in the forms of people, plants and animals.” 

Mmmm….that’s much closer to what the Bible teaches about a sudden global upheaval and deluge after Creation - but that must not be an option.                                                         

Acknowledgements:                                                                         
environment.gov.au                                                                                
wikipedia.com                                                                                                    
Andrew Snelling / creation.com                                                                                               
Photo credits:                                                                            
Uluru / flickr.com                                                                                                                  
Kata Tjuta / ericksongypsycaravan.wordpress.com 

Friday, 8 February 2013

ON EAGLE'S WINGS



Wedge-tail eagle

Thirty years had slipped by since Bruce was instructing air force pilots in World War II and even on this scorching summer afternoon in 1975 he couldn't resist going gliding at Waikerie, South Australia. He must have been keen to brave the 42 degree heat and climb into the cabin of a Blanik TE glider. 
Blanik TE glider

Finally airborne and released from the tug he searched for promise of lift and found a wedge-tail eagle hooking into a thermal so Bruce gave chase. Up, up,  round and round they went, until finally the thermal faded approaching icy cirrus clouds and Bruce was only too glad to break off the chase, get down to warm up and collect his Gold 'C' Height Award for reaching something like 13,000 feet of altitude.                                                                                                                                                                                       

Bruce knew what he was doing but how did the eagle know how to climb so well?

When an aerofoil creates lift it also creates induced drag due to the higher pressure air under the wing leaking around the wing tip to the lower pressure above, causing an energy-sapping wing tip vortex. 


The eagle has been specially equipped with adjustable wingtip feathers which it can fold up to form a winglet that blocks the vortex, increasing lift efficiency.




Aeronautical engineers have known of this phenomenon for decades, incorporating tip tanks in various models, but finally we now see wide-bodied airliners like this Airbus A380 fitted with winglets to improve fuel economy, lessen the danger of wake turbulence for following aircraft, and improve noise abatement.
It’s yet another ‘stroke of genius’ we've copied from nature's Master Designer, except we’ve missed the adjustable feature – that’s just too clever.

Special thanks to our neighbour Bruce Berry, Port Macquarie, NSW
Photo credits:
BlanikTE/soaringcafe.com                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      wedgetail / wedgetail eagle / aussiebirdlife.com                                                                                                                                            Airbus / aeronews.net


Sunday, 3 February 2013

Midget Mariner


Ettore Bugatti is believed to have developed a 16 cylinder racing car in 1928 by gearing 2 straight-eight engines side-by-side to a single output shaft. This followed the success in 1916 of Hispano Suiza and Bugatti-King aero engines, with 2 crankshafts geared to a central propellor-shaft through which a machine gun could fire without hitting the propellor. In each case, 2 power sources jointly drive one output.

This may be a clever idea but guys, Someone beat you to it without filing for a patent - who was that?

Using cryo-electron tomography (eh?), microbiologists have recently discovered that a marine bacteria known as MO-1 is powered by, not 2, but 7 flagella (whip propellors) that propel the bacterium at a speed of 10 body lengths per second. Scaled up, just how fast is that? A racing boat would be moving at about 300 kilometres per hour - underwater!

How is it possible for 7 whip propellors with independant power plants to safely operate side-by-side in synchrony?

This schematic model demonstrates how the 7 flagella rotate within a glycoprotein sheath, being surrounded by 24 counter-rotating fibrils in an hexagonal array, so that each flagella is supported by 6 fibrils. Not only does this allow for unbelievable engine speeds but the whole entity is ‘magnetotactic’, causing the bacterium to swim in a helical trajectory towards magnetic north!

Besides the brilliant Designer-Engineer we must give due credit to: Juanfan Ruan, Kato Takayuki, Namba Keiichi, and Long-Fei Wu engaged at Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University and the French National Centre for Scientific Research. Thanks guys.

Acknowledgements: 
evolutionnews.org 
ncbi.nim.nih.gov
pnas.org 
osaka-u.ac.jp 
Jonathon Sarfati / creation.com 
Image credits: Bugatti / flickr.com  
schematic / onlinelibrary.wiley.com